Four principles for the open world



A brilliant session from Don Tapscott, the writer of Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything.


Here is the speech:
Openness. It's a word that denotes opportunity and possibilities.Open-ended, open hearth,open source, open door policy,open bar. (Laughter)

And everywhere the world is opening up,and it's a good thing.

Why is this happening?The technology revolution is opening the world.

Yesterday's Internet was a platformfor the presentation of content.The Internet of today is a platform for computation.The Internet is becoming a giantglobal computer, and every time you go on it,you upload a video, you do a Google search,you remix something,you're programming this big global computerthat we all share.Humanity is building a machine,and this enables us to collaborate in new ways.Collaboration can occur onan astronomical basis.

Now a new generation is opening up the world as well.I started studying kids about 15 years ago,-- so actually 20 years ago now --and I noticed how my own children wereeffortlessly able to use all this sophisticated technology,and at first I thought,"My children are prodigies!" (Laughter)But then I noticed all their friends were like them,so that was a bad theory.So I've started working with a few hundred kids,and I came to the conclusionthat this is the first generation to come of agein the digital age,to be bathed in bits.I call them the Net Generation.I said, these kids are different.They have no fear of technology, because it's not there.It's like the air.It's sort of like, I have no fear of a refrigerator.And — (Laughter)

And there's no more powerful force to changeevery institution than the first generation of digital natives.I'm a digital immigrant.I had to learn the language.

The global economic crisis is opening up the world as well.Our opaque institutions from the Industrial Age,everything from old models of the corporation,government, media, Wall Street,are in various stages of being stalled or frozenor in atrophy or even failing,and this is now creating a burning platform in the world.I mean, think about Wall Street.The core modus operandi of Wall Street almost brought downglobal capitalism.

Now, you know the idea of a burning platform,that you're somewhere where the costs of staying where you arebecome greater than the costs of moving to something different,perhaps something radically different.And we need to changeand open up all of our institutions.

So this technology push,a demographic kick from a new generationand a demand pull from a neweconomic global environmentis causing the world to open up.

Now, I think, in fact,we're at a turning point in human history,where we can finally now rebuildmany of the institutions of the Industrial Agearound a new set of principles.

Now, what is openness?Well, as it turns out, opennesshas a number of different meanings,and for each there's a corresponding principlefor the transformation ofcivilization.The first is collaboration.Now, this is openness in the sense of the boundariesof organizations becoming more porous and fluidand open.

The guy in the picture here,I'll tell you his story.His name is Rob McEwen.I'd like to say, "I have this think tank, we scour the worldfor amazing case studies."The reason I know this storyis because he's my neighbor. (Laughter)He actually moved across the street from us,and he held a cocktail partyto meet the neighbors, and he says, "You're Don Tapscott.I've read some of your books."I said, "Great. What do you do?"And he says, "Well I used to be a bankerand now I'm a gold miner."And he tells me this amazing story.He takes over this gold mine, and his geologistscan't tell him where the gold is.He gives them more money for geological data,they come back, they can't tellhim where to go into production.After a few years, he's so frustrated he's readyto give up, but he has an epiphany one day.He wonders, "If my geologists don't know where the gold is,maybe somebody else does."So he does a "radical" thing.He takes his geological data,he publishes it and he holds a contest on the Internetcalled the Goldcorp Challenge.It's basically half a million dollars in prize moneyfor anybody who can tell me, do I have any gold,and if so, where is it? (Laughter)

He gets submissions from all around the world.They use techniques that he's never heard of,and for his half a million dollars in prize money,Rob McEwen finds 3.4 billion dollars worth of gold.The market value of his companygoes from 90 million to 10 billion dollars,and I can tell you, because he's my neighbor,he's a happy camper. (Laughter)

You know, conventional wisdom says talent is inside, right?Your most precious asset goes out the elevator every night.He viewed talent differently.He wondered, who are their peers?He should have fired his geology department, but he didn't.You know, some of the best submissionsdidn't come from geologists.They came from computer scientists, engineers.The winner was a computer graphics companythat built a three dimensional model of the minewhere you can helicopter undergroundand see where the gold is.

He helped us understand that social media's becomingsocial production.It's not about hooking up online.This is a new means of production in the making.And this Ideagora that he created, an open market, agora,for uniquely qualified minds,was part of a change, a profound change in the deep structureand architecture of our organizations,and how we sort of orchestrate capability to innovate,to create goods and services,to engage with the rest of the world,in terms of government, how we create public value.Openness is about collaboration.

Now secondly, openness is about transparency.This is different. Here, we're talking about the communicationof pertinent information to stakeholders of organizations:employees, customers, business partners, shareholders,and so on.

And everywhere, our institutions are becoming naked.People are all bent out of shape about WikiLeaks,but that's just the tip of the iceberg.You see, people at their fingertips now, everybody,not just Julian Assange,have these powerful tools for finding out what's going on,scrutinizing, informing others,and even organizing collective responses.Institutions are becoming naked,

and if you're going to be naked,well, there's some corollaries that flow from that.I mean, one is,fitness is no longer optional. (Laughter)You know? Or if you're going to be naked, you'd better get buff.

Now, by buff I mean, you need to have good value,because value is evidenced like never before.You say you have good products.They'd better be good.But you also need to have values.You need to have integrity as part of your bonesand your DNA as an organization,because if you don't, you'll be unable to build trust,and trust is a sine qua non of this new network world.

So this is good. It's not bad.Sunlight is the best disinfectant.And we need a lot of sunlight in this troubled world.

Now, the third meaning and corresponding principleof openness is about sharing.Now this is different than transparency.Transparency is about the communication of information.Sharing is about giving up assets, intellectual property.

And there are all kinds of famous stories about this.IBM gave away 400 million dollars of softwareto the Linux movement, and that gave thema multi-billion dollar payoff.

Now, conventional wisdom says,"Well, hey, our intellectual property belongs to us,and if someone tries to infringe it, we're going to get outour lawyers and we're going to sue them."Well, it didn't work so well for the record labels, did it?I mean, they took — They had a technology disruption,and rather than taking a business model innovationto correspond to that, they took and sought a legal solutionand the industry that brought you Elvis and the Beatlesis now suing childrenand is in danger of collapse.

So we need to think differently about intellectual property.

I'll give you an example.The pharmaceutical industry is in deep trouble.First of all, there aren't a lot of big inventionsin the pipeline, and this is a big problem for human health,and the pharmaceutical industry has got a bigger problem,that they're about to fall off somethingcalled the patent cliff.Do you know about this?They're going to lose 20 to 35 percent of their revenuein the next 12 months.And what are you going to do,like, cut back on paper clips or something? No.

We need to reinvent the whole model of scientific research.The pharmaceutical industry needs to place assetsin a commons. They need to start sharing precompetitive research.They need to start sharingclinical trial data,and in doing so, create a rising tide that could lift all boats,not just for the industry butfor humanity.

Now, the fourth meaningof openness,and corresponding principle, is about empowerment.And I'm not talking about the motherhood sense here.Knowledge and intelligence is power,and as it becomes more distributed, there's aconcomitant distributionand decentralization and disaggregation of powerthat's underway in the world today.The open world is bringing freedom.

Now, take the Arab Spring.The debate about the role of social mediaand social change has been settled.You know, one word: Tunisia.And then it ended up having a whole bunch of other words too.But in the Tunisian revolution,the new media didn't cause the revolution;it was caused by injustice.Social media didn't create the revolution;it was created by a new generation of young peoplewho wanted jobs and hope andwho didn't want to be treated as subjects anymore.

But just as the Internet drops transaction and collaborationcosts in business and government,it also drops the cost of dissent, of rebellion,and even insurrectionin ways that people didn't understand.

You know, during the Tunisian revolution,snipers associated with the regime were killingunarmed students in the street.So the students would take their mobile devices,take a picture, triangulate the location,send that picture to friendly military units,who'd come in and take out the snipers.You think that social media is about hooking up online?For these kids, it was a military toolto defend unarmed people from murderers.It was a tool of self-defense.

You know, as we speak today, young peopleare being killed in Syria,and up until three months ago,if you were injured on the street,an ambulance would pick you up,take you to the hospital, you'd go in, say, with a broken leg,and you'd come out with a bullet in your head.

So these 20-somethings createdan alternative health care system,where what they did is they used Twitter and basicpublicly available tools that when someone's injured,a car would show up, it would pick them up,take them to a makeshift medical clinic, where you'd getmedical treatment, as opposed to being executed.So this is a time of great change.

Now, it's not without its problems.Up until two years ago,all revolutions in human history had a leadership,and when the old regime fell, the leadershipand the organization would take power.Well, these wiki revolutions happen so fastthey create a vacuum, andpolitics abhors a vacuum,and unsavory forces can fill that,typically the old regime,or extremists, or fundamentalist forces.You can see this playing out today in Egypt.

But that doesn't matter,because this is moving forward.The train has left the station. The cat is out of the bag.The horse is out of the barn. Help me out here, okay?(Laughter) The toothpaste is out of the tube.I mean, we're not putting this one back.The open world is bringing empowerment and freedom.

I think, at the end of these four days,that you'll come to conclude that the arc of historyis a positive one, and it's towards openness.

If you go back a few hundred years,all around the world it was a very closed society.It was agrarian, and the means of productionand political system was called feudalism, and knowledgewas concentrated in the church and the nobility.People didn't know about things.There was no concept of progress.You were born, you lived your life and you died.

But then Johannes Gutenberg came along with his great invention,and, over time, the society opened up.People started to learn about things, and when they did,the institutions of feudal society appearedto be stalled, or frozen, or failing.It didn't make sense for the church to be responsiblefor medicine when people had knowledge.

So we saw the Protestant Reformation.Martin Luther called the printing press"God's highest act of grace."The creation of a corporation, science, the university,eventually the Industrial Revolution,and it was all good.

But it came with a cost.

And now, once again, the technology genieis out of the bottle, but this time it's different.The printing press gave us access to the written word.The Internet enables each of us to be a producer.The printing press gave us access to recorded knowledge.The Internet gives us access,not just to information and knowledge, butto the intelligence contained in the crania of other peopleon a global basis.

To me, this is not an information age,it's an age of networked intelligence.It's an age of vast promise,an age of collaboration,where the boundaries of our organizations are changing,of transparency, where sunlightis disinfecting civilization,an age of sharing and understandingthe new power of the commons,and it's an age of empowermentand of freedom.

Now, what I'd like to do is,to close, to share with yousome research that I've been doing.I've tried to study all kinds of organizationsto understand what the future might look like,but I've been studying nature recently.

You know, bees come in swarmsand fish come in schools.Starlings, in the area around Edinburgh,in the moors of England,come in something called a murmuration,and the murmuration refers to the murmuring of the wingsof the birds, and throughout the day the starlingsare out over a 20-mile radiussort of doing their starling thing.And at night they come togetherand they create one of the most spectacular thingsin all of nature,and it's called a murmuration.And scientists that have studied this have saidthey've never seen an accident.Now, this thing has a function.It protects the birds.You can see on the right here,there's a predator being chased away by the collective powerof the birds, and apparently this is a frightening thingif you're a predator of starlings.And there's leadership,but there's no one leader.

Now, is this some kind of fanciful analogy,or could we actually learn something from this?Well, the murmuration functions to recorda number of principles,and they're basically the principles thatI have described to you today.This is a huge collaboration.It's an openness, it's a sharingof all kinds of information, not just about locationand trajectory and danger and so on, but about food sources.And there's a real sense of interdependence,that the individual birds somehow understandthat their interests are in the interest of the collective.

Perhaps like we should understandthat business can't succeedin a world that's failing.

Well, I look at this thing,and I get a lot of hope.Think about the kids today in the Arab Spring, andyou see something like this that's underway.

And imagine, just consider this idea, if you would:What if we could connect ourselves in this worldthrough a vast network of air and glass?Could we go beyond just sharing information and knowledge?Could we start to share our intelligence?Could we create some kind ofcollective intelligencethat goes beyond an individual or a group or a teamto create, perhaps, some kind of consciousnesson a global basis?Well, if we could do this, we could attack some big problems in the world.

And I look at this thing,and, I don't know, I get a lot of hope that maybe thissmaller, networked, open worldthat our kids inherit might be a better one, and thatthis new age of networked intelligence could bean age of promise fulfilledand of peril unrequited.

Let's do this. Thank you.

(Applause)


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